Dining Trends within Secondary System

In most of the adolescence, poor dietary system has been affected in a big way which costs the school children face the consequences of obesity. Almost 83% of the overall food habits fall under the junk food concept. This overall food habits comprise of high sugar content, high fat and saturated fat content with minimum attention given to the consumption of fruits, vegetables, pulses, and fiber and calcium intake. The healthy food habits will barely account for 22% of the children’s food behavior (Snelling, Korba, & Burkey, 2007).In order to curb this bad dietary system approach, schools involve their students in the National School Lunch Program but the availability of the junk competitive food in and around their schools such as stalls, cafeterias, hotels, restaurants; vending machines disrupt this program structure. In comparison to the NSLP items provided by schools, the competitive food items are high in calorie and fat content and lack nutrient value (Kish, 2008). This c alorie content and nutrient value can be stated into three levels based on the type of food items.Level A could imply rich in minerals and vitamins, lower fat and high fiber involving the items of fruits, vegetables, low fat and fat free milk products and whole grain products. The intake of this level is a necessity for every high school child but is the least intake of food habit noticed. Level B comprise of moderate levels of calories and proteins, grains and certain nutrients, certain amount of dairy products and considerable amount of fruits and vegetables.Level C indicate high fat foods, fried items, potato chips, French fries, all kinds of cafeteria junk food, butter, cheese, soft drinks, pizzas which contain highest levels of fat and cream. Majority of the participants were identified falling into level C which is a huge concern for school authorities and parents (Snelling, Korba, & Burkey, 2007). Customer Demographics The overall high school demographics comprised of the Whi tes, blacks, Hispanics, Asian Americans, and certain students who are offered food items at either free or reduced prices. The highest number of students was figured under the white category.The consumption of the level c items in terms of purchases ranked much above the offerings made to the students and the intake of level A and level B in the competitive food markets was the least purchased. Culture, ethical behavior and religious influences are initiated from the family, society and the school atmospherics which are directly affecting the food styles of the children. Demonstration effect also paves way for the encouragement of eating junk food as in certain cases it shows the style, status and class symbol (Snelling, Korba, & Burkey, 2007). Health Behaviors – Canadian perspectiveThe outcomes and the behaviors resulted due to their purchase behavior helps in the overall development of health education comprising of the social, emotional and physical state of mind of a chil d. In Canada, the un-necessary buying habits on food could arise from the time of adolescence at the time of dating and alcohol usage also they might have been evolved from their childhood pattern. Therefore it is very important to analyze the behavior which develops through home behaviors, relationship with their peers and the social and the economical environment.Social inequality like gender, sexual orientation, ethnic behavior, youth and psychological behaviors are affecting in a huge way. As analyzed in Canadian secondary schools, teachers influence the children’s buying habits. The Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) in Canada was conducted which identified the eating behavior of children in their physical activity, leisure time, while dieting and eating and especially during personal hygiene. Parental communication, understanding in the family and trust within them act as a base in their erratic food habits.Conflict with their parents and at times thinking o f going away from home are huge concerns of unhealthy food behaviors (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008). Since children spend most hours at school premises, the setting of the school have huge influence on their eating pattern. Hence in certain cases, due to stress in academics or other mental torture at schools by teachers, the pattern of healthy food habits is disrupted. To overcome all these problems in Canada, physical activity guide and overcoming sedentary behaviors which indicate less movement and energy wastage is looked into along with keeping a check on the food frequency.Use of drug, smoking pattern and drinking pattern is the main cause in Canadian school children (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008). Physical Environment The overall appearance and atmosphere in high school systems is guided by the school program meals and the attractive stalls existing in t he vicinity of the schools which are rich in the stock of junk foods. Better funding for food by the governm ent is a necessary requirement for combating cholesterol, diabetics and obesity amongst young school children.Extensive reports on food habits was documented through emails, public responses, broadcast and print media information, parents, cabinet ministers, editorials, newspapers, health professionals and school management (Jeffrey, & Leo, 2006). Service Styles Ease and Speed of service – Today all the food courts and joints follow the Grab and Go concept which indicate that they grab the item desired by them microwave it and consume it immediately. Such instant are the dining facilities available in their stores which helps in consuming huge quantity at one time due to the hot and quicker option that is offered.This facility is incorporated at all times of meals including breakfast, lunch focusing on salads, sandwiches and some wraps and complete meal comprising of sandwich, chips, fruit cap, yogurt, bottle of water and condiments which help in reducing the time students ha ve to remain in queue for the service. Today in alternative to hot food options available, cold options are also made obtainable by food businesses. This is the best option that can be made accessible in cases where space is a constraint especially in hospital food courts and more common during parent meetings and get-togethers.The traditional made to order set ups are become outdated and the modern grab and go concept capture 55% of the business on the school campuses. No-waiting was the concept to grab fresh and good food without waiting in line which makes the students acknowledge that it resembles the made-to-order model setup (Food Service Director, 2008). Packaging – The concept of Aramark’s Grab and Go Green started taking shape with its implementation of the throw away bags instead of the disposable trays.This was encouraged by offering a free beverage to anyone who took a bag and a meal special. The bags are made of recycled material costing only 99 cents and can comfortably carry a beverage and a meal which have their specific compartments inside. After usage they can be used for the storage of their belonging, books etc. Aggressive marketing through emails and signage helped the Aramark’s promotions and hence has been different from the national brands packaging and advertising (Food Service Director, 2008). ConclusionThe Canadian food habits of schools are far lacking in terms of weaker standards of nutrition, selling poor in nutrient food stuff, lack of limits on saturated food items and wide differences in the food nutrition criteria of judging the food offerings, lack of standardized guidelines and policies and documented published information (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2008). Government should take active role in ensuring responsibility in terms of providing nutritious healthy food which facilitates the process of food safety, protection the children there by protecting the consumers at large (Jeffrey, & Leo, 2008).

Business Plan – Kari & the Keys

Executive Summary Welcome to the future of music entertainment for your next event. Kari and the Keys, brings to the community of Cedar Rapids and surrounding areas, a breath of fresh air in music entertainment. By combining two gifted musicians, going the extra mile, and offering a wide variety of music styles to suit your needs, Kari and the Keys will lead the event entertainment market, providing a praise worthy performance every time.Kari and the Keys is a small business aimed at the big time. In order to reach our giant goals, we must focus on the mission behind the vision. We offer a one-two punch by providing a singer and accompanist, provide a superior sound system, and ensure a worry and hassle-free event – all with one phone call. Keeping In tune with the needs of the market, consistently updating our music portfolio, all while ensuring the customer receives the individual attention they deserve, is the vision and daily mission of Kari and the Keys. 2.Objective It is our objective to: Achieve name recognition labeled as the â€Å"best entertainment for your event† Provide the convenience of a one stop shop for music entertainment offering better talent ND prices than our competitors; delivering top notch customer satisfaction. Obtain 30% of the market share for event entertainers within 2 years 3. Mission Inspired by our passion for music, Kari and the Keys want to engage your audience In an Incredible music experience, through a praise-worthy performance, for your event. 4. Keys to success Our keys to success include: a.Offering Talented Musicians: Professionally trained musicians who share a passion for music and performing; Eric Sternest – Organist/Plants, formally studied music and Plano at Amanita State university, 25 years of experience. Karl Burch – Singer (Soprano/Alto), formally studied music and vocal performance at university of Iowa, 20 years of experience b. Customer Satisfaction: We strive for exemplary focus on the customers satisfaction and his/her experience both with us and the outcome received by hiring for an event. 5.Company Summary Kari and the Keys is comprised of a singer (Kari Burch) and an accompanist (Eric Sternest) – piano/organ, fully equipped to perform at your personal or corporate event. We are both formally trained musicians and offer a wide variety of music to choose from for your special event including: Recent pop songs, Music from the ass's and ass's, Traditional/non-traditional wedding and/or secular music, Popular/traditional Christmas music. Additionally, we own a professional sound system inclusive of two (2) main speakers, monitor, mixer, microphone and keyboard.Our primary focus of business will be weddings and corporate events; however, we have the capability to provide music entertainment for most occasions. The geographic area we are focusing on for marketing and services is primarily locations within the Cedar Rapids Metro Area (inclusive of Cedar Rapids, Marion and Hiawatha). It is important that all business conducted will include an Event Contract, which is a legally binding agreement between Kari and the Keys and the Event Requester. A down payment of $150 is required to hold the date for each event.This is a non- refundable payment and required at the time the event date is booked and Event Contract executed. Kari and the Keys is organized as a partnership encompassing two general partners who are Kari J. Burch and Eric Sternest; each owns 50% of the company. Kari conducts the accounting, marketing strategies and legal duties; Eric handles executing on social media, the company's website design, and booking requests. Each partner shares daily business duties evenly. 6. Company History Eric and I have known of each other for 20 years. Even then we both recognized and appreciated each other for our respective musical talents.About 2 years ago, I reached out to Eric to determine whether or not he would be interested in play ing for me with the intention to record a few traditional and non-traditional wedding songs. I was looking for an outlet to be able to get back into the singing world. Time went by and schedules precluded things from formulating. In January 2014, we reconnected and decided that we no longer wanted to squander our musical talent. With the passion for music and the uncanny ability to perform seamlessly as a duo, we decided to form Kari and the Keys. The initial intention was Daniel Urethra's, Parlor City, Java Creek, etc.However, after investigating the local event entertainment market, we believed our team could offer an avenue of refinement and amazing live entertainment for both weddings and corporate events. Kari and the Keys are able to offer a one stop shop when a person or organization is looking to book music for an event. The customer isn't burdened with finding and coordinating a singer and a piano player; we offer both. We are a talented team who has the ability to listen, understand and respond – uniquely and creatively – to the growing needs and constantly fluid expectations of our customers.Additionally, based on our research, Kari and the Keys is the only singer/piano duos in the Cedar Rapids Metro Area. 7. Products and Service Kari and the Keys are â€Å"event entertainers†. We are comprised of a female singer and male piano player by trade and offer a variety of music genres to provide either focal r background entertainment at your special event. Additionally, we are not pretentious performers who demand or expect things from our customers. We believe our strength lies in working for and satisfying every customer.In order to achieve the expectations of the customer, we believe in key service quality ideals, which will help us attain a high level of customer satisfaction. Such ideals include: I. Timeliness and convenience it. Personal attention to desirable needs and wants iii. Reliable and dependable ‘v. Responsivenes s to requests v. Assurances and availability We also share a common drive for success. We don't simply want to be a run of the mill performance act; we want to be the recognized leader if you are looking for music to be performed at your event.Kari and the Keys have established the following fee structure, based on a specific event: Booking Fee to hold the date- $1 50 (non-refundable) Wedding Package – $500 which includes: Wedding rehearsal at location (30 min) Organ/Piano – Processional and Recessional, Pre and Post Wedding music (as background) – 15 min each Vocalist/Accompaniment – two (2) song chosen from selected list Songs are chosen from selected list Open bar and food shall be provided Set up/tear down 2 hours of music, 2 – ten minute breaks w/in 2 hours Approximately 10 songs per hour Songs are chosen from selected list Music outside of selected list – $75 per song 8.Market Analysis Summary a. Size of Market: (State & County Kickbac ks), (Marion, Iowa), (Hiawatha, Iowa), (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) I. Population Demographics: Estimated population of Cedar Rapids Metro Area (inclusive of Cedar Rapids, Marion and Hiawatha) is approve. KICK (Cedar Rapids – KICK, Marion ASK, Hiawatha K) Median income of males – $41 K/year Median income of females – $ASK/year 27% of the population is 25 to 44 t. Name Recognized Employers: Rockwell Collins (8,700) Transcends/AEGEAN (3,900) SST.Lukewarmly point (3,200) Cedar Rapids Community School District (3,000) WHY-eve (2,600) Mercy Medical Center (2,300) Whirlpool (2,500) Kirkwood Community College (1 ,900) City of Cedar Rapids (1,400) Quaker toecaps (1 Other companies include: Archer Daniel Midland (DAM), Cargill, General Mills, Toyota Financial and Nordstrom b. Competitors: I. To research our competition we utilized both internet websites which advertise â€Å"for hire† for musicians (search Wedding, Corporate Events and music groups) and also utilized the SABA tool called â€Å"Size It Up† (searched Entertainment: Weddings, Party, and Corporate Events). T. In targeting the Cedar Rapids Metro Area (inclusive of Cedar Rapids, Marion and Hiawatha) our direct competition would include people from the following categories which represented a total of 31 â€Å"event entertainers†: 1. Vocalists 2. Accompanists (Piano/Organ/Guitar) 3. Comedy Acts 4. DC ill. We understand that this represents only a small segment of the true number of musicians located in the Metro Area. However, â€Å"word of mouth† would be the best â€Å"Word of mouth† is very important in this category of business and it is crucial to the success of any music ensemble.However, we believe going after the market with a guerrilla marketing campaign, becoming visible in the music community and establishing a â€Å"following†; will help us to capture the â€Å"event entertainment† market. C. Market Growth/Trends There is a constant flu x of new musicians within the Cedar Rapids Metro Area. People consistently believe that they will be the next American Idol pop sensation and will be discovered in this market. The reality of the situation is the saturation with UN-trained, low skill musicians, trying to make a buck. Because of this, Kari and the Keys are able to capitalize on our talent, skill and upscale performance.We are organized, marketable and ready to succeed. 9. Target Market We define our initial target market as such: Females and males predominately between the ages of 25 – 45, non-married with a combined income of $ASK or more per year. Name recognized businesses Cedar Rapids Metro Area – (inclusive of Cedar Rapids, Marion and Hiawatha) 10. How do we attract our Target Market? A. Establish an on-line presence b. Establish a word of mouth campaign based on our stellar performances at local ensues such as open mice nights, restaurant/bars, and coffee houses c.As performances are booked, peopl e view Online Calendar Lists – â€Å"This week at Ramset's† d. Direct mailing to local organizations: Churches Wedding Dress Boutiques Wedding Planners Country Clubs Restaurant/bars Coffee Shops West Music 11. Industry Analysis a. The threat of new entrants is in an amplified state of flux. Because of the Reality Televisions shows such as American Idol and the Voice, the increasing number of people thinking they are musicians has intensified the popularity of â€Å"open mice night† ensues to display their talents.However, the thought and desire to be a star, does not mean they are talented enough to make it as an entertainer. The market at an alarming rate. However, this is not a substitute for musicians who have the talent, drive and the means to wage a successful campaign to gain the market share in a given location. C. The bargaining power of customers is extremely critical in a musician's world. Since the market is saturated, everyone is fighting for a piece of the pie; to be recognized in a public venue as someone who is horrible.Because of this saturation, musician's ability to be paid for performance is directly correlated with the amount of â€Å"potential† business a musician can draw. If the musician is relatively unknown in the market, the establishment can hire you for cheap. This is why it is crucial to participate in any public venue to begin to establish a core group of followers – or people willing to spend money while watching you perform. Once people begin a â€Å"word of mouth† campaign on your behalf, only then will you have leverage to negotiate with customers. D. The bargaining power of suppliers is relatively low.Anyone with a guitar, acrophobic and an amp can be a musician. Whether or not they are successful is not dependent on a supplier. E. Again, the competition for musician – event entertainment – is high. It is imperative to be able to set yourself a part of the competition. A musician must pay their dues by performing, be more talented than the next guy, offer something that no one else does, build a following, utilize guerrilla marketing techniques to keep your name at the front and be proactive in gaining market share. 12. Online Plan Summary a. Obtain a Website Domain – grandfathering. Com b. Design a professional website

Generalist Practice in Social Work Essay

As generalist, social workers operate from a base of diverse skills which enable them to help individuals with personal problems, while simultaneously confronting the larger issues which are problematic for communities or organizations. Based upon the Generalist Intervention Model, today’s social worker must be equipped with a skill set that is able to address micro, mezzo and macro systems in order to effect change and address issues at each of these levels. Micro systems are defined as individuals, mezzo systems represent small groups and macro systems are large organizations and communities. This book outlines the bases of these three areas of practice in the form of a guide. We are shown the commonalities between the three systems. More importantly a practical model for initiating macro change in organizations and communities is provided in detail; along with analysis of the specific skill set required to enact these changes thru the macro intervention process. This book i s essential for helping the social worker to understand how to effectively advocate for client resources and services, by using agency skills within a community context. The ability to navigate from community to agency, in providing client services is the bases of achievement within the social worker profession. Knowledge of the macro system as it pertains to the role of the agency is germaine to establishing what a social worker can and cannot accomplish for their client. Similarly community issues must be understood for the impact that they present on the social workers ability to perform. The core of the book’s ideology on generalist practitioners is that they possess a wide diverse skill set along with comprehensive understanding of organizational functioning, to perform as a liaison helping their clients (micro system) to benefit from the macro system. Specifically, the book delineates the need for social workers to be thoroughly aware of how organizations function within the community and within towns, counties, states, the national and on the international level, to have a working framework that will enable them to help individual clien ts, groups, families and communities. This book seeks to address the means of accessing resources and contributing to effecting change within the organization to this end. In exploring the macro systems, diverse methods of intervention are presented, from the perspective of how they affect the social worker’s ability to provide services at the community and  organizational levels. The strategies offered in the exploration of the generalist intervention model have proven effective when utilized to present ideas involving changes at the macro level, which are based upon experiences encountered in providing micro services. This is an essential part of the social worker’s role, helping the agency to improve service to clients, from input gained from the social worker in actual practice. Generalist practice is an outgrowth from historical social worker practice, in its expansive approach which incorporates a wide knowledge of skills and professional values enabling the social worker to work across the board, i n providing specific client services. This model represents a change in the historical practice of having practicitioners specialize in one area of practice, such as with individuals or administration. In employing the generalist approach the overriding benefit is that problems are now dealt with from numerous perspectives that may involve all three systems. Presenting the foundation for generalist practice the authors define knowledge, skills and values as the basic three areas needed to be assessed when evaluating any problem. This paradigm is further broken down into the steps to be undertaken to put the model into usage. These fundamental critical thinking skills include engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination and follow up, with room for reassessment or discontinuation of contact as the basis of the the generalist intervention model. Specific case histories are given as examples of how these steps can be effectively enacted to address the wide range of problems that social workers confront. To this end, the authors target the basic requirements for social workers necessary to enacting the generalist practice as: extreme flexibility, wide base of knowledge about many aspects of life and the mastery of a range of problem solving skills that may be utilized at the micro, mezzo and macro levels. Therefore the ability to apply this knowledge, combined with professional values thru the use of recognized skills and practices, forms the basis of generalist practice. In possessing these skills, the social worker is able to work within any size system in a wide range of professional capacities. Some of these may include mediator, education, initiator, negotiator, advocate, and general manager, as examples. Presenting the varied roles, necessary for the social worker to perform, the author’s elucidate upon a variety of topics related to professional ethics, exploring the values and  mindset that the social worker needs to adapt to their professional role effectively. Special attention is given to the aspects of diversity, and how this relates particularly to populations who are at risk, where special attention needs to be given to insure that social justice is being enacted in the care for oppressed people who may have been marginalized. How these values are encoded in the NASW’s code of ethics is also touched upon. In addition to discussing the importance of utilizing critical thinking skills in social work, practitioners are prese nted with the hierarchy of steps necessary for effecting planned change at the micro level. From the micro level, a similar protocol is furnished for planned change at the macro level, which encompasses many of the same steps but utilized in an expanded version of the first model. This problem solving model is based upon The Prepare Process, which is given an in-depth treatment demonstrating how the practitioner may put this model into actual effect. Basically, the authors treat the three practices using the same fundamental process, as it is stressed that the skills acquired to work with each group, simply are expanded to incorporate the needs of the preceding groups. To this end, the book delves into the specific use of micro skills for addressing planned change at the macro level. Social worker practitioners are shown how to utilize professional communication skills such as an examination of nonverbal and verbal communication patterns, in an effort to show how to initiate and deal in relationships with professional colleagues, community members, political contacts and th ose in administrative positions. Practical subjects such as conflict resolution and effective supervisory skills are explored in depth. In offering an overview of basic communication skills needed to interact effectively at the micro level, the discussion addresses eye contact, listening attentively, nonverbal cues from facial expressions, body language and the conveyance of warmth and empathetic responses to convey feelings of genuine concern for the clients. The impact of these nonverbal signals is explored from the context that this type of communication may have in varying multicultural applications. Many practical examples are presented enabling the social worker to learn the appropriate verbal expressions to convey the desired sentiments. These are offered to the practitioner thru a series of vignettes, illustrating the key points discussed. Branching out into a discussion of communication as it relates  to the macro level, the authors present additional specific tools and techniques for enhancing the commun ication process such as clarification, encouragement, sensitivity to cultural norms, paraphrasing and reflective responding. Specific treatment of the topic of assertiveness, which encompasses aggressive communication as it is applicable to the macro context, is explored in depth. A good deal of detailed strategy and discussion of aspects of the role of and the resolving of conflicts are handled adroitly. Case studies are provided to help assimilate the factual information as it is most often to be encountered in the field. The complex role of the supervisor is addressed, from the perspective of the most efficient means of communicating as a worker being supervised or as the one administering the supervision. A detailed analysis of the way that workers evaluate supervisors, according to their level of expectation is presented as a highlight. This important basic information on the dynamics of the supervisory role is then broken down and addresses the entire gamut of factors that those in a supervisory position need to be cognizant of, to do their job effectively. This encompasses the educational and administrative functions that accompany the supervisor’s role, which include record keeping, agenda planning, and commitment to improvement of communication skills, showing enthusiasm for work activities, and engaging other employees by using a spirit of cooperation. Problems that confront those functioning in a supervisory capacity are explored in detail. An exploration of the challenges that the social worker practitioner may encounter from the supervisor, as the supervised is presented with an eye toward thwarting some of the routine occurrences that staff confront in the dispensing of their duties. Some of these areas discussed in this book include misunderstood communication, addressing the supervisor who assumes credit for the work that others have produced, incompetence on the part of the supervisor and the aspect of the lazy supervisor. A series of potential scenarios illustrating the above aspects of supervisor to supervised conflicts requiring use of the techniques previously described under this heading, provide actual applications for the models suggested. Networking and the importance of utilizing this tool in the mezzo and macro practice areas, is explored in-depth. This is elaborated upon to include concepts in teamwork including effective functioning as the team leader or team member. As these  applications are most o ften used in the larger macro and mezzo contexts, detailed discussion on parliamentary procedure, along with other strategies for meeting planning and implementation are provided. Regarding networking as it relates to being an important tool for social workers, the authors goes into detail as to how clients can gain benefits being engaged in informal networks designed to help with their needs. These frequently include the church, gangs, and groups based upon friendship. Additionally, this concept has strong implications within the cultural context, as these forms of networking for support may be strongly developed within some of the core groups that the social worker provides assistance to. The authors then move into a synopsis of the macro system as it relates to working in organizations, explaining in depth the nature of organization as they function. Even for the beginning practitioner of social work, it is important to understand how social services and social agencies are formulated and work. In this regard, a lengthy discussion of the major organizational theories are addressed, which include a look at classic science based theories of management, theori es of human relations, theories x,y and z, and the dynamics accounting for cultural perspectives, economic perspectives and contingency plans. A lengthy description of the PREPARE and IMAGINE models for the assessment of organization or community change is presented detailing the steps necessary to enact this model at all levels. A continuation of an examination of the IMAGINE model assesses how the implementation of projects and the development of programs at the macro level may best be achieved. The model stresses the importance of adopting a positive mental framework when seeking to undertake change in the macro system; avoiding feelings of hopelessness that may be associated with the perceived largeness of the task, due to the size of the infrastructure. Specific steps are outlined so that the social worker may strategize a plan to implement a project for planned change, and examples of macro projects are provided. Related to this is The a discussion of the use of PERT charts to strategically implement planning using 5 key elements is discussed in detail, illustrating examples of this model and the action steps required to put it into usage. Examples of these models as they are applied to current systems for change abound, with specific cases centering on sexual harassment issues, under the SHAPE model, which is presented as a program  designed to tackle sexual harassment in large organizations. Additional examples of steps necessary to enact such a program for change at the macro level, is delineated providing the example for the introduction of similar programs addressing other areas of planned change. In looking at organizational operations the authors discuss the subject from the perspective of systems. In this regard, they relate the basic nature of organizations which encompasses the agency setting, the organization’s goals, and culture and structure of the organization. Further elaboration on organizations includes a look at the larger picture or macro contact effecting the organization. The changing macro environment, effected by diminishing resources, legitimating, client sources and the need for resources and relationships with other organizations are all covered in detail. The idea of working for a bureaucracy, from the perspective of what the atmosphere is actually like, along with tips for surviving within this environment are delved into in detail. Varyi ng approaches to management style within a bureaucracy are contrasted and compared; and, problems frequently encountered by workers within the bureaucracy are explored. The role of social workers as it relates to communities and neighborhoods is presented in great depth by the authors. It is important for the social worker to comprehend the needs of their clients, within the specific context of the neighborhood in which they live. Paramount is the explanation of the various types of communities and neighborhoods and how they function from the ecological point of view and as that of a social system. To this end, social stratification and the actual economic and political systems that define the community are explored as essential points of evaluation when working as a generalist seeking to institute systemic change or to provide micro services. Elaborating, the authors maintain that it is necessary for the social worker to comprehend the dynamics and movers and shakers of a given community, understanding power as it relates to the context of community. The relationships of the community members as this translates into their role as helping networks i s examined; and, methods of working within these established groups are explored. Discussions defining the various types of communities, with elaboration on their function follows. Presenting the social systems model in enacting systems theory is explained, along with defining the client system, action system and target system  theories for addressing change at the macro level. This is followed with an elaboration on the community roles in functioning as both ecological and social systems. Various theories utilized in the generalist practice to access and make changes in the macro system are defined including the ecological theory, human behavior theory, and rational theories are explored from the perspective of their impact upon the community. This is in addition to a breakdown of the major concepts that the social worker needs for greater understanding of community dynamics including competition, centralization, concentration, gentrification, invasion and succession. Finally a summary of the models needed to provide community assessment, in order to expand soc ial services or improve the functioning of the community in the provision of resources is elaborated upon. Emphasis goes back to the generalist’s required skill set and tools needed to effect change at the macro level. This is handled in great detail utilizing the models previously presented in the PREPARE AND IMAGINE models, as they apply to macro practice for communities. Central to implementing these models is a grasp of the pragmatic steps that the social worker must be prepared to take in following the PREPARE model to approach change at the community level. In summary, these critical steps include identification of the problem; personal assessment of the worker’s macro reality; establishment of major goals; identification of influential community people; and performance an assessment of the financial costs. They add that a review of both the personal and professional risk; along with an evaluation of the potential for successful change within the macrocosm, is also essential. The elucidation of the implementation of macro system change by using the IMAGINE modelâ€℠¢s seven steps is broken down in detail. Illustrated with a case scenario, the authors shows how the various components of the model are effectively utilized in other contexts, with many highlighted examples illustrating how the model may best be put to work. When exploring the process of evaluation as it pertains to the macro practice, the authors demonstrate the necessity of evaluating with an eye toward demonstrating success, as this is instrumental to receiving continued resources. As such, the social worker learns how to develop the correct contextual overview and provide actual definitions needed for proper evaluation. This is combined with descriptions of the purpose for the evaluation, and singling out  problems that presented during the course of evaluation representing a barrier to the achievement of the desired results. Summarizing the dynamics of the evaluation process, the discussion includes an overview of monitoring, summative, and efficiency evaluation techniques. Methods for implementing successful evaluations include discussion of both quantitative and qualitative analysis, with a specific look at examples that include client satisfaction surveys, goal attainment setting and target problem scaling. Providing an expande d summary of the various evaluation designs to be utilized for macro intervention, the authors present a detailed look at sampling and measuring program effectiveness. Various forms of random sampling techniques and methods of data gathering are presented with focus on using six established evaluation designs focusing on various stages in experimental designs. Specifically, the authors go into great detail on sources for measurement instruments and tests, concluding with details of utilizing data analysis and the presentation of the acquired data. A targeted look at the generalist’s role in providing advocacy with an eye toward effecting change within the macro is analyzed from the perspective of how this can be best accomplished when dealing with populations-at-risk. Essentially, the concepts for social action, empowerment as it applies to Hispanic Americans, native Americans and Alaskan natives, women, Asian Americans, women, lesbian and gay persons and clients receiving public assistance are explained, as these groups define the at-risk population. The social worker’s role in working with these specific populations and the opportunity to provide advocacy to these groups within the macro level are explored from the perspective of a series of specific guidelines designed to help in the attainment of these goals. Of importance to the attainment of the above, is a look at the steps required to enact macro change through utilizing the legislative process, which is explored in great detail starting with the drafting of a bill as the initial step in legislative advocacy. This is form of macro intervention at the upper echelons of society and is offered as a blueprint over viewing how the process may be effectively by the generalist social worker. Other forms of political advocacy and social action are presented as alternative means of goal attainment that are more complicated than convention methods. The specific dynamics of Sal Slinky in his Social Action Approach are defined, with a  case history demonstrating the model in action as it relates to the homeless as an example. In presenting a discussion on the role of ethics and concepts of ethical dilemmas within the macro context, the authors present a look at the NASW Code of Ethics which elucidates six of the core values for professional social workers. At the top is service to clients, followed by social justice and individual dignity, human relationships, competence and integrity are also reviewed in detail as to how these concepts effect ethics within macro practice. They describe how working within the macro environment may expose the social worker to uncover laws and policies that may pose a conflict of interest to the ethics platform that has been enacted as a model for providing care, as professional values are part of the basic foundation. A detailed analysis of the application of the code of ethics within actual practice, is provided, and covers areas that include self determination, informed consent, competence, social diversity and cultural competence, conflict of interest and confidentiality and the issue of privacy. Additionally, other pragmatic issues under this heading discussed include access to records, sexual relationships, physical contact, sexual harassment, derogatory language, and payment for services. All of these categories have great impact upon the functioning of the social worker and their ability to interact effectively with clientele. Similarly, the ethical responsibilities governing social workers interaction with colleagues involves many of the same components and includes a review of sexual relationships and harassment, referral for client services, consultations, colleague disputes, respect, interdisciplinary collaborations and confidentiality issues such as impairment or colleague incompetence and reporting unethical behavior. The application of the tenets of the code as it relates to the social worker in practice is explained, from the perspectives of billing, client transfer and records, administration, evaluating performance, continuing education and development of staff, employee commitment and disputes between labor and management. Ethical considerations that the social worker must maintain, when considering their role as a professional are defined and include comp etence, discrimination, private conduct, deception, dishonesty and fraud, impairment, solicitations, misrepresentation and the acknowledgement of credit for work done. The discussion on ethic concludes with a look at the aspect of ethical conduct  affecting the social workers reponsibitly to the social work profession as well as to society at large. This subject is treated from the context of personal values, and we are given a look at the types of ethical issue that the social worker is likely to confront. This is presented along with a synthesis of the ethical absolutism approach comparing it to ethical relativism as a model. Specific examples on handling ethical dilemmas are provided as the principles involved in ranking ethical perspectives are reviewed, which includes a study of the specifics as it presented in Liebenberg and Logoff’s Ethical Principles Screen outlining the hierarch of ethical rights. As there are bound to be stumbling blocks involved with the application of ethics within the macro context, the dilemmas that the social worker may confront me this regard are handled in depth. The challenges for the social worker, engag ed in working with the courts, are detailed with special emphasis on the key terms used to explain courtroom processes. Differences in the application of social work and courtroom protocol are defined, in addition to presenting a plan outlining how the social worker can best prepare to testify in the courtroom. A basic explanation of the adjudication process is consolidated, but specific address to the various cross-examination strategies utilizing is presented in welfare protective services cases. The role of the social worker in court is explained and highlights include an actual court petition for removal of a child from the mother’s residence is the case example presented, in order to see how these concepts would apply to events likely to be encountered at some point in the professional social worker’s career. Special attention is given to juvenile court process as this is a specific area in which the social worker will ultimately gain much familiarity. The management of agency resources is explored from several different perspectives including working with the media and building eff ective media relations. General guidelines for achieving harmonious and beneficial relations with the media are presented in a 10 point program detailing the basics of effective media communications. Pragmatic applications of technology, asset relates to computer programs and software are explored, offering new concepts in the management of information systems and how these effect the services offered in generalist practice. Fund raising principles and the various applications of techniques designed to solicit resources are offered from the many  different perspectives that these tools may be employed to raise resources. Specific examples of fund raising that may be effectively enacted include direct solicitation, benefits and variations, individual donors, creating an organization with this purpose and seeking out group giving. The procurement of grants and contracts are treated separately as this source of funding for social work programs is a favored means of adding resources necessary to enact macro c hange. Business grants, foundation grants and government grants are defined as separate entities, and the basic principles needed to navigate through these areas are provided. The how top’s of grant application are succinctly covered, allowing the social worker to grasp the actual steps necessary to enact this form of funding thru traditional grant proposal writing. Several in-depth examples illustrating various components of the grant proposal process are offered, with specific case histories utilized to illustrate how these techniques have been successfully applied in the past. Addressing personal issues that the social worker needs to address in order to function effectively in their capacity, include a discussion of stress management from the perspective of the General Adaptation Syndrome. Looking at the inception of stressors within the agency context, the authors discuss the psychological, physiological and behavioral problems resulting from stress, with a look at numerous techniques that may be employed for effective stress management. Exploring variations in personal style that are utilized to combat stress, along with an analysis of the effects of time management as they play into the paradigm are offered. Practical suggestions for setting priority and realistic goals focusing on time management are offered along with specific techniques to be used in the management of time. Finally, the authors present concise information for the social worker as it pertains to the attainment of personal professional goals, focusing on the resume, interviewing skills and getting a job. The practical information is geared toward helping the social worker assess their capabilities and areas of interests, as it relates to the type of employment being sought. Presentation of the abilities, in the format of the resume are offered in detail with comprehensive tools and techniques for making a positive presentation being explored in detail. Resources for locating jobs that match the defined objectives and preferences for a career are offered and include a look at newspapers, NASW publications, networking  and state merit system lists.

Strategies of General Motors and Toyota Motor Corporation Case Study

Strategies of General Motors and Toyota Motor Corporation - Case Study Example Strategies are usually tailored to take advantage of the various opportunities in the firm's environment while harnessing its strengths and competencies. Currently, General Motors Corporation (GM) leads the automotive industry with total revenue of US$192.60 billion during 2005. This is amidst the US$2.6 billion loses incurred during the same year which is due to the weak demand in North America. Following GM is Ford Motor Corporation (US$178.10 billion), Daimler Chrysler AG (US$177.37billion), and Toyota Motor Corporation (US$162.92 billion). Even though smaller in terms of revenue, it is notable that Toyota recorded the largest net income at US$10.61 billion during 2005 (Yahoo Finance 2006). It is apparent that there is an intense competition between the four largest players in the industry. Toyota was able to dislodge the Ford during 2003 and is widely regarded to as having the aspirations to become the future industry leader next to GM. From here, we can see a struggle between the companies as they are both challenged to devise winning strategies. For GM, the challenge is to craft and implement an effective strategy to maintain its position in the global market, while for Toyota a strategy to battle head-on with GM and increasing its market share. The company has a wide array of product line under the brands Chevrolet, Pontiac, GMC, Oldsmobile, Buick, Cadillac, Saturn, and HUMMER. The company's marketing arm is supported by retail dealers and distributors in the United States, Canada, and Mexico as well as dealers overseas. GM is recognized as the largest vehicle manufacturer selling 8.5 billion cars in 2001 while its sales in 2002 account for 15% of the trucks and vehicles sold globally (Yahoo Finance 2006). Traditionally, GM's approach to marketing its products is targeting a specific market segment for a specific brand so that the company's products do not compete with each other. These were profitable for the automotive firm as the brand's shared components and common corporate management gave way to substantial economies of scale while the distinctions between the brands created an "orderly upgrade path." Before 1995, the company has a full range of products ranging from Chevrolet which is offered to an entry-level buyer who is more concerned on a more practical and economical vehicle to the upscale Cadillac which is targeted to the elite market as it is regarded as the "standard of luxury (General Motors 2006)." Nevertheless, this strategy did not persist as the GM started to implement a gradual blurring of its divisions during 1995. This strategy leads to cannibalization in the market share of GM as each division competes with each other (General Motors 2006). During 2004, the company has announced a new strategy for its product lines which is apart from the traditional marketing and positioning it employs. This shift in brand strategy is targeted at â€Å"building sales, cutting costs, and bolstering brand identity (Garsten 2005).†Ã‚  Ã‚  

Overpopulation affects the environment Research Paper - 1

Overpopulation affects the environment - Research Paper Example he population has effected the environment through two agents: the increasing population itself, and the advances in technology that this population has brought with itself (Stancheva). However, currently both the problems have little hope of being tackled, so that the environment continues to be adversely effected. For this purpose, and in this paper, it is assumed that the problem of overpopulation is a fixed entity, and the only variable that can be modified is the way the environment is handled through lifestyle and habits of the general population. This paper, therefore, purports to present some of the problems that are inflicted on the environment, and the way they can be properly handled by appropriate changes in the lifestyle. The most dire issue related to overpopulation is that of fresh water supply (Stancheva). According to the United Nations, the supply per capita has decreased by one third in the past year (Stancheva). It is the worst in the developing and the underdeveloped countries of Asia, Africa, and South America, coinciding with the increase in the population in these areas (Stancheva). Nevertheless, the developed countries and the urban areas are also not prevented from this crisis (Stancheva); with the increase in population in the urban areas due to migration, the demand for fresh water has increased while the supplies either remain constant or have decreased. A case in point is Beijing (Stancheva). Another problem related to water is its pollution. Again, it is worst in the underdeveloped countries, where 95% of the sewage, especially from factories, is dumped into the water system untreated, which ultimately makes its way into the ocean (Stancheva). Combined with over-fishing, which results in the

Cooperative Learning Activity and Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cooperative Learning Activity and Paper - Essay Example Some students may be very dormant while others may be fully involved, hence lack of accountability and equal participation which, are the basics of cooperative learning. Unlike cooperative learning whereby individual student performance is monitored publicly, in group work, the overall outcomes from the group is what matters most even if one of the students did not get the concept of the learning activity, hence cooperative learning is more efficient than group work (McCafferty et al, 2006). Activities that can be done in cooperative learning groups includes; teacher identifying a specific topic with different subtopics. Under the subtopics, each student is given a task to research on and finally presents it in their cooperative learning groups as the other students listens to the posed ideas and clarifies on any issue that is not clear. Through this, all the individuals gain from the learning activity. Another cooperative learning activity is modelling of a structure like maybe an urban planning landscape, whereby each student is given a different component of the landscape to incorporate into the whole landscape model. After each student has carried out their task, all the students are responsible and accountable of the final model of the urban landscape. In addition, a student may be given an area of expertise to teach the whole class. Through this, the student teaching gains as much as the learners through what he or she has taught (McCafferty et al, 2006). A good example, in an elementary class, grade one, where shapes are the best method of introducing geometry in mathematics, cooperative learning can be incorporated to the students learning. In a class that is meant to go for an hour, students can be divided into four groups with five individuals each. Each group is to be assigned a shape like circle, triangle, square and rectangle. A

Presentation Speech or Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Speech or Presentation Example Mandatory military service is a norm in many nations across the world; it is also the norm for most men reaching 18 years of age to dread the day that they would have to wear their nation army uniform. Contemplating  over the year or three young people would dedicate to military service; I believe that it is an extraordinary honor and a great opportunity for self-development. Having a mandatory military service for everyone in the population would have a far-reaching positive impact on the nature of our Arab population; firstly, it would help in modeling character and character formation for our young people in the Arab world and eventually help in curbing social ills. This transformation will give forth-young people with sound moral values, and character traits that are admirable for cohesion in the Arab world; for instance, our Arab youths will gain a sense of duty and service to our nations; they would also learn the values of hard work, effective organization, self discipline, cooperation, good leadership and self defense. Many social ills in the Arab world such as acts of terrorism, juvenile crimes, violence, teenage pregnancies and substance abuse by the population can be directly attributed to lack of social values and morals; this can partly be blamed on upbringing and lack of good models for the young people. Mandatory military service will be efficient in instilling sound moral values in our population; young people will learn to value work as opposed to robbery and peace instead of violence. They will be sound morally upright individuals with impeccable character traits that will help in governance and leadership of our Arab worlds. Perhaps most importantly, mandatory military service would help instilling into our Arab youths a sense of nationhood and loyalty to our Arab nations- young people will be willing to sacrifice their lives for the noble course of duty and service to our great Arab nations. In addition to this, the population will be able to recognize and respect structural systems in the Arab nations, such as the courts in respect for law, order and authority. Cases of anarchy such as was witnessed in the recent past will be outdated as the Arab populations will be proud of their leadership and institutions in general. In this regard, mandatory military training will foster the development of a future generation that is not only committed to values of nationhood, but also one that can be relied upon in the event of emergencies for disaster for mitigation. Mandatory military training will be a great boost to national security especially for Arab countries in the Gulf region (Kuwait, Oman, Iran, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and United Arab Emirates) which are in constant clashes thereby making the regions politically unstable (Bahgat 79). These Arab countries are faced with two major imminent threats to their internal security, â€Å"a potentially aggressive, potentially nuclear armed Iran†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pol lack 3) that viciously seeks to overrun other regional governments that challenge its dominance in the region, and an Iraqi that â€Å"could potentially threaten to destabilize the region by either sliding back into civil war or emerging as a new dictatorship† (Pollack 3). Apart from these two threats, Arab countries in the gulf region are endowed with rich oil deposits, a treasure that is of interest to the rest of the world; therefore, heralding a